From Friday night to Saturday night
Shabbat is from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday, every week.
The shofar can be blown on Shabbat during Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
Shabbosim
There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do. What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b). What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv). On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion. There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha). After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will have a chance to speak of what they've learned in school. After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing board games, etc. Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
You may say it as late as Monday, if I remember my Talmud correctly (tractate Brachot), and you may say it no sooner than nightfall Saturday night. It is considered mildly virtuous to prolong Shabbat into the evening, but prolonging it until Monday is a bit nuts.
After Shabbat, there is the Havdalah service.
At a shabbat service at your home or at a synogauge you may light the shabbat candles and say the shabbat blessings. Also some people follow it with hallah and/or a kiddush.
Anyone can attend a Shabbat service. Sometimes people need a different perspective in order to answer the questions they are seeking. As long as you are respectful of the service, I dont see any reason why someone could not attend.
The spice box is the box used for the Havdalah service after Shabbat.
Shabbat is from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday, every week.
The oneg is like a giant dessert sometimes held after a Shabbat service. At my temple, they serve, coffee, lemonade, sugar cookies, brownies, and fruit.
No - Havdalah is the service at the end of Shabbat.
Havdallah is a religious service where we say goodbye to Shabbat (The Sabbath) for the week.
Yes, Orthodox Jewish people pray 3 times in a day - Shacharit (Morning Service), Mincha (Afternoon Service) and Maariv (Evening Service). Additional services are added on Shabbat and Festivals. Non-Orthodox Jews generally pray on Shabbat and Festivals.
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The spice box is not actually passed around until the very end of Shabbat. It is passed around toward the end of the concluding service of Shabbat, called Havdalah. One tradition explains that on Shabbat, each person is given an extra soul. The passing of the spice box at the end of Shabbat makes the loss of this extra soul a little less painful.
They call it a "service".There are specific terms based on what time of the day the service takes place. Shacharit refers to the morning services, Mincha refers to the afternoon services, and Ma'ariv refers to the evening service.