Six hundred and thirteen.
Some examples of the commands:
And many more.
The laws have various reasons. Some (such as the Passover) serve to reenact or remember events of our history.
Some (such as saying the Shema-prayer) serve to reiterate our belief in God.
Some of the laws (such as those of ritual purity and kosher food) serve to sanctify us.
Some (such as the laws of torts) serve to maintain an orderly and just society.
Some (such as the law against breaking a vow) serve to prevent bad character traits.
Some (such as the command to offer help) serve to engender good character traits.
And all of the commands serve to subjugate us to God's will (especially those commands for which no explanation is easily apparent).
Note that the Torah "as is" isn't exactly what Judaism observes. Rather, It's the Torah together with the details provided in the Talmud, which is the Oral Law that was handed down together with the laws of Moses. Otherwise, the verses of the Torah often lack enough detail to be fulfilled as is.
See also the other Related Links.
Link: What are the teachings, practices, principles and beliefs of Judaism?
Link: What is life like for Jews?
Mosaic Laws are categorized into 613 mitzvot. A list as well as an overview of how to get to this number can be found at http://www.answers.com/topic/613-mitzvot-1
Mosaic Laws are categorized into 613 mitzvot.
613
The Laws are commonly called the "Mosaic laws" because it is traditionally believed that they were written down by Moses.
All of the Laws of the Pentateuch are Mosaic Laws, including but not limited to the Laws in Exodus Chapter 22.
Mosaic clothes.
"Mosaic" is a reference to Mosaic law - the laws handed down by Moses, ie: Judaism.
Mosaic Jews
No, they're different because the are 613 mosaic laws and only 10 comandments.
It's probably like the relationship between the 'Constitution / Bill of rights' and all the other laws. Some contain the main principles upon which all other laws are founded on. Likewise with the 10 Commands and the mosaic laws. The 10 commands are the main principles upon which the other laws are founded on; plus some.
Torah
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Torah
The Mosaic laws are very ancient, dating to the times of Moses. The middle ages had less emphasis on say, animal sacrifice. Christianity and other religions had developed since Mosaic times, and other issues and laws became important.
That is an opinion, and the reason for the arguement is that they come after the Mosaic Laws from Jesus, which would mean God thought they were more important at the time. However, the Mosaic Laws still could be more important, but it depends on your opinion.