Well, quite a few, really. However, not all of them are as memorable as "To be or not to be, that is the question." "Others who the rigour of our state forced to cry out." is a phrase Shakespeare created.
Characters with flawed, inconsistent natures
One of the reasons that Shakespeare continues to be popular and will probably always continue to be popular is the wonderful palette of characters he created. Although it is possible to single out one characteristic for a number of characters, his characters are not so one-dimensional. Their characteristics are modified and driven by their situations or their perceptions of them. Frequently, they have characteristics which conflict. Hamlet has an impulsiveness which shows up in his killing of Polonius, yet also a tendency to overanalyze himself which prevents him from killing Claudius.
Shakespeare's characters range from young (Juliet) to old (King Lear), from rich (Timon) to poor (Doll Tearsheet), from kings to beggars. Some are meek, some are bold, some are aggressive, some are passive, some are possessed by evil and some by good.
An exhaustive list is impossible, but here are some characters which are interesting:
1. Hamlet (Hamlet). Perhaps the most complex character in all of theatre, a keen swordsman and devoted student, with a quick and biting wit, a snob with a love of philosophy and classical plays. Is he mad or is he putting it on? Why is he so upset about his mother's remarriage? Does he love his father or idolize him?
2 Falstaff (Henry IV Parts 1 and 2, The Merry Wives of Windsor). He's a rogue, a thief, and a cheat. He drinks too much and hangs around with prostitutes. And yet we cannot help liking him and finding him very very funny.
3. Shylock (The Merchant of Venice). A victim of religious persecution, he wants revenge, but dumps his hatred on one man. Does he care more about his daughter or his ducats? On the one hand we keep seeing reasons why he has reason for his anger while on the other we keep thinking that he is going too far.
4. Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing). Sharp-tongued and witty, playful but oh so sad. Her witty badinage with Benedick covers a deep pain within her. her friends know that what she needs is love, but her heart is guarded like a fortress.
5. Iago (Othello). An evil villain whose villanies are covered under the most genial of personalities, a man with the frightening power to be able to twist people to his will without them even knowing he is doing it. His technique is subtly based on his grasp of the psychology of others, yet he cannot come to grips with himself. We do not even know exactly why he embarks on his career of villainy; we know what he tells himself, but he cannot be "honest Iago" even then.
That's five--a couple of hundred more to go!
I believe Shakespeare created 1,380 characters
The oath spoken by many characters in Shakespeare's plays, "Marry", is in fact the name of the Virgin Mary.
50,000 plays and poems
1500-1700
Apart from the obvious ones like Robin Hood or Superman or Elizabeth Bennett, who Shakespeare didn't even write about, almost all of Shakespeare's characters appear in some way in the sources he took his plots from. Shakespeare modified and tweaked their characters by making changes to the plot and by giving them self-revealing lines to say. It may be going too far to say he "created" them if by that you mean he invented them from whole cloth.
Shakespeare wrote about every possible type of character.
None. Shakespeare did not "model his characters" on individuals. Since he borrowed most of his plots, the characters came with them. Shakespeare broadened the characters in the stories he found but rarely invented any. Many of his characters are stock characters or similar to them. (Maria in Twelfth Night, for example, is a soubrette) Falstaff if perhaps an exception. He appears to be entirely Shakespeare's character, and in making him Shakespeare drew no doubt on many real knights of his acquaintance. If Shakespeare had even heard of an artist who wandered from job to job around France and Italy a century earlier, his plays show no sign of such a character.
The oath spoken by many characters in Shakespeare's plays, "Marry", is in fact the name of the Virgin Mary.
The contrast between the appearance and the reality of the characters gives Shakespeare's characters depth.
Shakespeare's heroines were his female characters.
Shakespeare uses hallucinations in Macbeth to convey the psychological disintegration of the characters, particularly Macbeth himself. The hallucinations serve to blur the line between reality and illusion, adding a sense of unease and suspense to the play as the characters grapple with their inner demons and moral dilemmas. By showcasing the characters' fragile mental states, Shakespeare heightens the tension and drama of the unfolding events.
Shakespeare did not write a work called "The Banquet".
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Apart from the obvious ones like Robin Hood or Superman or Elizabeth Bennett, who Shakespeare didn't even write about, almost all of Shakespeare's characters appear in some way in the sources he took his plots from. Shakespeare modified and tweaked their characters by making changes to the plot and by giving them self-revealing lines to say. It may be going too far to say he "created" them if by that you mean he invented them from whole cloth.
50,000 plays and poems
1500-1700
Actually Shakespeare did not "write about" any characters at all, except when other characters are talking about them. Shakespeare created his characters by writing words for them to say and actions for them to do. He also created an awful lot of characters; if you pick up a copy of any Shakespeare play whatsoever, and look at the beginning where it lists the characters in that play (the Dramatis Personae), you will see the names of more than seven characters, guaranteed. Twelfth Night, a comedy, has fourteen characters, Macbeth, a tragedy, has about 28, the First Part of Henry VI, a history, has 37. Another hint: the names of 23 of Shakespeare's characters appear in the titles of his plays.
Shakespeare wrote about every possible type of character.