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The echelon formation was used to protect any exposed flanks against the enemy's possible attempt take advantage of that exposure or should the enemy attempt to outflank the opposing enemy flank. This meant that separate units, the echelon units, were separated from the main army to form a protective body of troops positioned 200 to 300 yards to either the rear, left or right flanking movements of their own army. This formation was used by Union General David Sickles during the 1864 Atlanta campaign.

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