You cannot get a divorce the same day you file in any of the United States.
No. However, most countries (and states) have a residency requirement for divorce. That means, you must live in the country (and probably the state) where you file for a divorce for a minimum amount of time before you can file there (usually one year in the United States). Also, in the case of a same-sex marriage, you must file for divorce in a country (and state, in the U.S.) where your marriage is legally recognized - - not necessarily the same country (or state) where you were married, but one of the countries (and states) where same-sex marriages are recognized. Again, you will most likely have to satisfy a residency requirement.
most jurisdictions have some type of residency requirement that has to be met in order for the jurisdiction to grant a divorce. In Canada you or your spouse have to have been ordinarily resident in the province in which you are seekig the divorce, for 12 months. However each jurisdiction will have it's own requirements. You should seek legal advice in your locality.
You can travel to either Maryland or Washington, DC. It might be better to go to Washington, DC, because DC waives the residency requirement for divorce for same-sex spouses that live in states where their marriage is not recognized. If you continue to live in Alabama, your state will currently not recognize your marriage and will not allow you to divorce.
Yes. Divorce is legal in all 50 states. The only situation in which you could not legally divorce your husband is in the case of a married same-sex couple living in a state where same-sex marriage is not legal.
yes
same as you divorce anyone else: see a lawyer to get started
You have to divorce in the same state you were married in. Some states require you to divorce in the very county you were married in.
Women and men alike have the same rights in all 50 states when filing for divorce. Gender doesn't matter.
Yes. Effective June 26, 2015, same-sex couples may divorce in Nebraska, provided that they meet the requirements of that state's divorce law.
You will have to file it in the same country you come from.
Not necessarily. There's no law that says you have to divorce in the same state that you were married in, or even the same country. In order to file for divorce in one of the United States, however, you must meet that state's residency requirement. If you live in Iowa, then you cannot go to another state to file for divorce. A typical residency requirement is one year. Most people are not willing to move to another state and live there for a year just so they can divorce there. If you live in, say, North Dakota and you travelled to Iowa to marry, then returned to North Dakota, it will be very difficult for you to divorce, since North Dakota will not recognize your marriage even for the purpose of dissolving it. A same-sex couple must divorce in a state that recognizes their marriage, but only the spouse who files the divorce petition is required to meet that state's residency requirement. One notable exception is Washington DC, which waives the residency requirement for out-of-state same-sex couples who married in DC.
Whatever state where you are 1) currently a legal resident or 2) where you USED to live, IF you still can get jurisdiction in that state. Call and ask an attorney from the previous state if jurisdiction is still possible, based on your specific circumstances.