A minor in the US needs parental permission to marry. Even if the parents of the minor allowed her to marry and she would then be considered emancipated it is unlikely she would be able to apply for a spousal visa for her husband until she is of legal age. If the minor marries outside the US the marriage would be legal. A minor cannot legally leave the US without parental permission and in most cases being accompanied by an adult. A minor who left the US by illegal means and married in a foreign country would not be considered legally married in the US.
A US citizen can marry a foreign national on a tourist visa. The only requirement is that neither of them should already be married.
After a petition is filed and accepted. Yes.
When applying for German citizenship, you should ask them for a permission to retain foreign nationality. If they do not approve that, and you still want to become a German citizen, then you should renounce your Canadian nationality.
No. But only if the person already has US permanent residency.
Yes, an NRI or Foreign National can be a Partner after obtaining a DPIN. At least, one of the partners has to be a resident Indian citizen.
The prisoner would need to obtain permission to marry and it would be highly unlikely that such permission would be granted. If allowed, marriage to a US citizen would not prevent the foreign national from being deported once he has served the imposed sentence.
Why would her nationality, citizenship, or his military status disqualify her for a divorce? It would be the same as for a foreign citizen married to a civilian, or an American citizen married to someone in the military.
No. Marrying a US citizen does not automatically confer permanent resident or citizenship status on any foreign national.
No, she will not lose her nationality. Chances are she may also get foreign national's country citizenship too. However, marrying a foreigner does not have chances of losing nationality.
No, marriage to a US citizen does not mean the foreign national will be granted permanent residency or citizenship status.
Yes
No, the couple would need to become legally married, the citizen spouse would need to apply for a change of status for the non citizen spouse. If it is granted the foreign spouse would be allowed to remain in the US and after having been married for two years could apply for permanent resident status.