First- you cannot claim adverse possession against someone who doesn't own the property. You don't have an adverse possession against your landlord who doesn't own the property but has an adverse possession claim against the owner of the land. According to the minimal facts you provided you don't have any standing to make such a claim. You are using the property with the landlord's permission. One of the elements required to make a claim of adverse possession is that you use the property openly and notoriously (without permission).
The taking of possession of property means basically having total control over it. If the property is a rental property and the landlord hands you the keys, then you are in legal possession of the property, something that the landlord cannot take back unless he legally evicts you.
Not in any U.S. state that I know of.
If he knows for sure the property is abandoned he may repossess it immediatley, if he is uncertain he can get an order of repossesion.
That depends on the details. If the adverse possessor has met the time requirement for adverse possession the property owner has no defense to the action.
The landlord then called the Sheriff's office or Constable to have you ejected from the property.
As long as the landlord is in legal possession/ownership of the property and as long as you are residing on/in his property, yes. His notice of default has no legal effect of putting a "stay" on your payment of rent.
Most states have a law within their landlord and tenant acts that states that the landlord may retake possession of his property without eviction proceedings if there is evidence to show that the property has been abandoned. Generally it has to be at least 15 days after the rent is due, and there must be evidence that the property was abandoned, such as electricity having been turned off. Just the fact that the tenant was absent for two weeks is not enough for the landlord to retake possession.
To cut to the chase, yes. When a writ of possession is being served, the Law Enforcement Agency will first post a notice to vacate, which will identify when they will take possession of the property (about a week after the notice.). When they take possession, the landlord or their agent will accompany or meet the Law Enforcement Officer (LEO). The LEO will ensure the peace, while the Landlord takes possession, if necessary the LEO will remove the tenant, then usually the landlord changes the locks. If the tenant is home, they will be ordered off the property, and removed if necessary. If they resist they may be jailed. If they return it is trespassing. If the tenant is not home, the landlord usually has a locksmith open the property and change the locks. If the tenant still has stuff on the premises which has not, and cannot immediately be removed, each state has procedures for storing left behind property, giving notice, time limits, and selling, or disposing of abandoned property.
If your landlord is selling the house you have to continue paying the rent for it, whether to the old landlord or to the new one. Your old landlord will give you notice about when they have sold the property, and the new landlord will give you instructions on how to pay them the rent.
Check with your local courthouse clerk's office. They have a landlord/tenant office.
Generally, if the person was using the property with the permission of the owner they are barred from claiming adverse possession. You should consult with an attorney about drafting a written agreement regarding the use of the property.
Yes, to whoever has control over the property. Until the foreclosing agency or entity has taken possession of the property and giving you proper notice and instructions, the original landlord may continue to collect the rent and to evict a tenant for nonpayment or other violation of the terms of the lease.