in families where at least one parent has a history of a mood disorder, conduct disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, or a substance-related disorder
group, individual and/or family therapy, and education. Of these, individual therapy is the most common. Therapy can provide a consistent daily schedule, support, consistent rules, discipline, and limits
more common in boys than girls before puberty ; the disorder typically begins by age eight. After puberty the male:female ratio is about 1:1.
among those who had problem temperaments or high motor activity in the preschool years. During the school years, patients may have low self-esteem, changing moods, and a low frustration tolerance
D O is an abbreviation that may stand for so many things. Some of the common ones include district office, digital output, delivery order, doctor of osteopathy and so many more.
DefinitionOppositional defiant disorder is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThis disorder is more common in boys than in girls. Some studies have shown that it affects 20% of school-age children. However, most experts believe this figure is high due to changing definitions of normal childhood behavior, and possible racial, cultural, and gender biases.This behavior typically starts by age 8, but it may start as early as the preschool years. This disorder is thought to be caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.SymptomsActively does not follow adults' requestsAngry and resentful of othersArgues with adultsBlames others for own mistakesHas few or no friends or has lost friendsIs in constant trouble in schoolLoses temperSpiteful or seeks revengeTouchy or easily annoyedTo fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 months and must be more than normal childhood misbehavior.The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other children around the same age and developmental level. The behavior must lead to significant problems in school or social activities.Signs and testsChildren with symptoms of this disorder should be evaluated by a psychiatrist or psychologist. In children and adolescents, the following conditions can cause similar behavior problems and should be considered as possibilities:Anxiety disordersAttention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Bipolar disorderDepressionLearning disordersSubstance abuse disordersTreatmentThe best treatment for the child is to talk with a mental health professional in individual and possibly family therapy. The parents should also learn how to manage the child's behavior.Medications may also be helpful, especially if the behaviors occur as part of another condition (such as depression, childhood psychosis, or ADHD).Expectations (prognosis)Some children respond well to treatment, while others do not.ComplicationsIn many cases, children with oppositional defiant disorder grow up to have conduct disorder as teenagers or adults. In some cases children may grow up to have antisocial personality disorder.Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have concerns about your child's development or behavior.PreventionBe consistent about rules and consequences at home. Don't make punishments too harsh or inconsistent.Model the right behaviors for your child. Abuse and neglect increase the chances that this condition will occur.ReferencesSteiner H, Remsing L, Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:126-141.Reviewed ByReview Date: 01/30/2010Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed byDavid Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
ADD is the common name for attention deficit disorder.
not common
bipolar disorder
Doctors like to classify it as a mental disorder, but its not like a freak disorder. its very common.
A group of families claiming a common ancestor is called a tribe or a clan.
Dysgeusia
A group of families having a common ancestor may be called a clan, a tribe, or a clade.