Of course. It happens on the streets of Israel ... where Hebrew is the official language
but the population is 24% non-Jewish ... thousands of times every day.
An Arab, a Jew, or a Christian greeting an Israeli Arab say "Salaam". An Arab, a Jew, or a Christian greeting an Israeli Jew say "Shalom". Those words have the same origin and the same meaning.
Yes. The word just means peace. Anyone can say it to anyone.
You say shalom back. Shalom means hello. If you say "Shalom Shalom," it means mays Bye bye.
Shalom is not a language, but it is a word in Hebrew. The word shalom literally means 'peace' and is used to say both hello and goodbye.
You could say shalom. However, most Jews would give you a strange look. Just say hello the same way you would anyone else.
Yes!
You don't. You only say Shabbat shalom in Hebrew. If you are asking how French Jews greet each other on Shabbat, they say "Shabbat Shalom"
If you want to say 'hello' back, you simply respond in "shalom". If you want to ask the person how is he doing, you say "Ma Nish'ma?" (for both male and female).
It's hard to say. I just know that interfaith marriages have more problems.
You say "Shabbat shalom" right back to them.
Yes, that's the customary response.
In Hebrew you say "Shalom" for piece.