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The opportunity cost is defined as alternative cost - costs measured in output of products and services forgone.

It can't be defined as variable cost. In the simple formula p = 2q + 100, we can say that 2 is the variable cost. In other words: it's not fixed like the 100.

Opportunity costs are not restricted to financial or monetary costs though. The real costs of output forgone (e.g. when choosing between a number of products like shotguns and bananas), lost time / pleasure, or any other benefit that provides benefit should also be considered opportunity costs. Therefore real costs are part of opportunity costs.

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Q: Is opportunity cost define as the real cost or the variable cost?
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What is the difference between constant opportunity cost and increasing opportunity cost?

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Retained earnings have an opportunity cost associated with them because they can be invested to earn more rather than keeping them idle. For example reatined earnings can be invested in a savings account in a bank and earn interest but if this is not done the are loosing some extra income and so if they are invested somewhere else, the bank rate will be the opportunity that has been lost. Opportunity cost is the real cost of choosing one thing and not another.


Is Marginal cost the same as opportunity cost?

No. Marginal cost is the added cost of producing one more of something. This type of cost is real and concrete; it actually has monetary value. Opportunity cost is more theoretical. It measures the amount of money / products that could have been made in places other than the job you are currently in. This is very similar to implicit costs.


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