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Reinvestment risk When interest rates are declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates.Interest rate risk When interest rates rise, bond prices fall; conversely, when rates decline, bond prices rise. The longer the time to a bond's maturity, the greater its interest rate risk.
B
Bonds with a higher interest rate are often considered a higher risk investment because when interest rates rise, bond prices fall; conversely, when rates decline, bond prices rise. The longer the time to a bond's maturity, the greater its interest rate risk.
A BB should as it has more credit risk
Bonds issued at a premium offer an interest rate that is above the market interest rate. Typically, a bond issuer offers a premium interest rate to offset higher risk associated with a bond offering that has a low credit rating. A purchaser of a bond offered at a premium will receive a higher interest rate but will incur a higher degree of credit risk.
Corporate Bonds are usually consider high risk.
Subordination affects the interest rate on a bond because it is unsecured and has lesser priority than that of an additional debt claim on the same asset. It has higher interest rate required to compensate for the higher risk. If interest rate has been increased the price of the bond will fall. If the price of the bond falls, the yield that can be earned will increase.
Duration is the weighted average number of years necessary to recover the initial cost of the bond • It allows comparison of effective lives of bonds that differ in maturity, coupon. • It is used in bond management strategies particularly immunization. • Measures bond price sensitivity to interest rate movements, which is very important in any bond analysis Duration is a direct measure of interest rate risk: • The higher the duration, the higher the interest rate risk
The risk free rate has to meet two criteria:(1) there can be no risk of default associated with its cash flows and(2) there can be no reinvestment riskUsing these conditions, the appropriate risk free rate to use to obtain expected returns shouldbe a no default (usually government) zero coupon bond that is matched up to when the cash flow or flows that are being discounted occur.But it is usually appropriate to equate the payback duration of the risk free asset to the duration of the cash flows of a project/investment being compared, usually U.S. government bond (10 year) rates as risk free rates.Pre-calculated risk-free rates based on the Svensson method for USD and EUR can be found at www.quaestorial.comThere is also audit-proof documentation available for each rate.
No - the lower the coupon the higher the interest rate risk. The low coupon indicates it will take longer for bondholder to have capital returned, so money is at risk longer. Higher coupon suggests faster return of capital and thus a reduction of risk. Investopedia has some nice material on bond duration.
Higher risk investments have a higher potential return.
Bond valuation is determined on the basis of the economic condition and risk factor of the company