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The simplest would be a single shot muzzle loading firearm. In modern cartridge firearms, a break action firearm. They are made as rifles, shotguns and pistols.
Iron sights are the most common an are sometimes interchangeable.
You must define what type of firearm you are talking about.
A type of blackpowder firearm.
smoothbore
Type of firearm action
Shirt. A rifle is one type of firearm, and a shirt (or dress, skirt, blouse, trousers) is one type of garment.
Generally any given firearm will have the type of cartridge it is desiged to use stampted somewhere on the body of the gun itself.
Flintlock or cannon type weaponry.
smooth bore
smooth bore
Depends on how oppressive your government is. Where I live, there is no such charge; the common people run the government, are presumed to be responsible, and and the citizenry is encouraged to posses firearms.