What are four stages of ecological succession?

Answer 1

Steps involved in secondary succession

• In each of the previously-mentioned phenomena, the top soil, which may have taken 1000's of year to form, is not destroyed.

• Spores and seeds which lie dormant are then allowed to develop.

• Sequence may be crabgrass, tall grass & horseweed, softwood, hardwood

Answer 2

Firstly ,there are two types of ecological succession.Primary succession is where barren land (e.g a newly formed volcanic island) , where there has been no previous inhabitants or secondary succession which is where land which has been colonised before but the colony has been wiped out due to factors such as fire ,flooding or human agriculture or industry. The term succession refers to the changes to an ecosystem overtime.

lets take an example of primary succession on land .

At first the land is barren and is extremely hostile , with harsh living conditions. Species that are specialised with little environmental demands first colonise the barren land , these are called pioneer species. They are ideal colonisers as they rapidly germinate seeds, can photosynthesise and fix nitrogen. These pioneer species are plants, such as lichen. When these plants die , they produce nutrient rich soil , improving the abiotic factors of the environment ( non-living factors , such as SOIL) . The less hostile conditions produced allow more species to colonise the area , e.g the next secondary colonisers could be mosses , the tertiary colonisers species such as shrubs and small trees. These species often out compete each other (interspecific competition) for resources, pioneer species are weak competitors and usually don't survive. Each new species modifies the environment ,mean they are more adapted to the enovironment ,whilst the species before them are not. All these changes and the new species create new habitats and therfore niches, hence increasing biodiversity, biomass and more complex food webs.The final stage involves a climax community , this is where there is one dominent species (e.g oak trees) .The community is now at equilibrium and remains considerably stable, unless of course the communities are wiped out by a natural disastor of course , then secondary succession may likely occur in the future.

Hope this helps. this is what i have revised so far for my populations A2 Biology . :) ORCA-93 :)

Answer 3

primary succession, secondary succession, climax community I LOVE ONE DIRECTION <3 -SS

Answer 4

It is important to know the stages of ecological succession. These are primary succession, secondary succession, and Climax community .

Answer 5

1. nudation

2. migration

3. ecesis

4. competition

5. reaction

6. stabilization