The network layer is the third level of the Open Systems Interconnection or the OSI model. The protocols that are implemented at this layer which carry user data include: internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), and Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)
The Application layer uses protocols that are implemented within applications and services. While applications provide people with a way to create messages and Application layer services establish an interface to the network, protocols provide the rules and formats that govern how data is treated.
Network Layer
upper-layer connection-oriented protocols
No, At each layer, protocols perform servers unique to that layer. While performing those services, the protocols also interact with protocols in the layers directly above and below. In addition, at the top of the OSI model, Application layer protocols interact with the software you use. At the bottom, Phsyical layer services act on the networking cables and connectors to issue and receive signals.
The routing process occurs in the 3rd OSI layer (network layer) routing protocols use network address (IP address in TCP/IP) to chose the correct path to the destination. ps: You can also have routing protocols on other layers sometimes (application layer in p2p routing) but this is something completely different.
TCP/IP protocols are implemented by software, except for the bottom physical layer, which is implemented in hardware.
A hub is a layer 1 network device (hardware), and the 'web' is a software concept implemented by different protocols and multiple devices.
The Application layer uses protocols that are implemented within applications and services. While applications provide people with a way to create messages and Application layer services establish an interface to the network, protocols provide the rules and formats that govern how data is treated.
The network layer protocol is Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network Layer
Network control protocol
software
Session Layer
TELNET
There is a good descrition of the network layer and TCP in the related link. NO. In general TCP and UDP are transport protocols that operates in Layer 4 Transport Layer
Yes
Net BUI