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How can mutations occur in genes involved in cell cycle regulation?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
The three main mutation types (by how they occur) are: chromosomal, substitution, and insertion/deletion mutations.
Chromosomal mutations happen when a chunk of one chromosome gets cut off and attached to another. For example, this can happen during crossover during the formation of gametes.
Substitution mutations happen when one nucleotide (the smallest unit of DNA) is replaced by another. These are caused by a number of chemicals that look like something in between both of those nucleotides. These chemicals get incorporated in a newly forming DNA strand during cell division because the complex duplicating the DNA thinks it is the first type of nucleotide. Then when the DNA replicates again (next cell division), the complex thinks it is the second type of nucleotide and builds the new strand correspondingly.
The third type are insertions and deletions these happen when extra nucleotides are added or some nucleotides are cut out during DNA replication. They happen either when a certain type of chemicals gets in between the two DNA chains during replication and prevents the machinery that replicates the DNA from knowing how many nucleotides are in that region. This can also happen from radiation damage to the DNA (either UV or gamma radiation), when certain nucleotides on one chain break their bonds with the opposite chain and instead form new ones (or this might actually be a covalent bond, I'm not sure) with their neighbor on the same chain. This produces a kink in the helix and again prevents the machinery from knowing how many nucleotides there are in the region.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago1). Chromosomal mutation: caused by extensive chemical change in the structure of chromosome.
2). Gene mutation - Change in the nitrogenous base sequence of gene ( also called point mutation): caused by a single change in molecular structure in a gene. Usually involves substitution/addition of one nucleotide for another, and the deletion of nucleotide.
3) Mutagens such as chemical agents and exposure to radiation.
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∙ 11y agocell, tissue, and gene
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∙ 13y agolist 3ways mutations are categorized
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∙ 11y agoisdiais ASWDFKSADKF SADKFAKSDKLASKL WKK
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∙ 12y agometaphase and anaphase only at moments
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In what ways do enzymes control the cell cycle?
dna, mutations, genes, and other diseases like cancer enzymes are needed to begin and drive the cycle. they also direct the phases of the cell cycle
Do mutations in genes affect traits?
Genes produce proteins that cause traits.
Mutations in these genes lead to transformation in the identity of entire body parts?
homeotic genes
Genes that can move about on the chromosomes sometimes creating mutations?
Transposons
How are mutation and cancer related?
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genes. These changes can occur for various reasons, including exposure to environmental factors, aging, errors during DNA replication, or inherited genetic mutations. When mutations affect genes that regulate cell growth, division, and repair, they can contribute to the development of cancer. Here's how mutations are related to cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth: Mutations in certain genes, known as oncogenes, can lead to the activation of proteins that promote cell growth. When these genes are mutated, they may signal cells to continuously divide and grow, contributing to the formation of tumours. Loss of Growth Regulation: Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can result in the loss of normal regulatory functions. Tumor suppressor genes normally inhibit cell division or promote programmed cell death (apoptosis) when necessary. Mutations in these genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. DNA Repair Deficiencies: DNA repair genes are responsible for fixing errors or damage in the DNA sequence. Mutations in these genes can result in an accumulation of genetic mistakes, increasing the likelihood of additional mutations and promoting cancer development. Genomic Instability: Mutations can contribute to genomic instability, where the DNA within cells becomes more prone to further mutations. This can create a cascade effect, leading to the accumulation of genetic changes that drive cancer progression. Inherited Mutations: Some individuals inherit specific mutations that predispose them to a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer. While these inherited mutations may not directly cause cancer, they increase susceptibility to the disease. Understanding the genetic basis of cancer has led to advancements in targeted therapies and precision medicine. Identifying specific mutations in cancer cells allows for the development of treatments that target the underlying genetic abnormalities, offering more effective and tailored approaches to cancer therapy. Research in genomics continues to play a crucial role in unraveling the complex relationship between mutations and cancer.
What disease has the programmed cell death gene been linked to?
Programmed cell death is a normal, and vital part of the cell cycle. There are a number of genes involved in programmed cell death, or apoptosis. If key genes involved in this process are mutated, you can get diseases like cancer - which arises from misregulation of the cell cycle, as well as a huge range of other possible mutations.
What is stickler syndrome caused by?
It is inherited disorder caused by mutations in certain genes involved in formation of a protein called collagen.
In what ways do enzymes control the cell cycle?
dna, mutations, genes, and other diseases like cancer enzymes are needed to begin and drive the cycle. they also direct the phases of the cell cycle
How is Zellweger syndrome caused?
Zellweger syndrome is caused by mutations in any one of several different genes involved in the function of the peroxisome
Why aren't somatic mutations passed on to the next generation?
most genes mutations are recessive, and since most organisms have two of every genes, the normal genes will dominate the recessive genes.
Do mutations in genes affect traits?
Genes produce proteins that cause traits.
How are mutations returned to normal in an organism?
Mutations on recessive genes return to normal in an organism
The variation in the forms of adult vertebrates probably arose through mutations in genes?
the variation in the forms of adult vertebrates probably arose through mutations in dominant genes
A mutation in a series of genes called lac genes can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo?
Mutations in the lac genes can lead to changes in the development of organs in specific regions of an embryo. These mutations can alter the expression of lac genes, which are involved in controlling the development of certain tissues and organs. As a result, the normal process of organ development in those specific regions can be disrupted, leading to abnormalities or different organ structures.
Mutations in these genes lead to transformation in the identity of entire body parts?
homeotic genes
Genes that can move about on the chromosomes sometimes creating mutations?
Transposons
How do animals adapt in their enviorment?
they adapt by mutations in their genes when they have newborns.
