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ANS: Industrial Licensing is governed by the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 identified the following three categories of industries: those that would be reserved for development in public sector, those that would be permitted for development through private enterprise with or without State participation, and those in which investment initiatives would ordinarily emanate from private entrepreneurs. Over the years, keeping in view the changing industrial scene in the country, the policy has undergone modifications. Industrial licensing policy and procedures have also been liberalised from time to time. All industrial undertakings are exempt from obtaining an industrial licence to manufacture, except for (i) industries reserved for the Public Sector, (ii) industries retained under compulsory licensing, (iii) items of manufacture reserved for the small scale sector and (iv) if the proposal attracts locational restriction.

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Q: Main features of Indian licensing policy?
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