If mother and son are indeed tenants in common then each has the right to the use and possession of the whole property. Son cannot mortgage or sell the property without the consent of mother. Mother cannot mortgage or sell the property without consent of son. Both are equal owners.
The designation Tenants-In-Common (or Tenancy-in-Common) on a title or deed indicates the legal owners of the property. Tenants-in-common also means that on the death of your mother, the estate will own half of the house and your brother the other half. He will either have to buy the other half, or the house will be sold and any profits split between the estate and your brother. If your brother is living with your mother, or paying mortgage/taxes/maintenance/down payment, this is common to protect his investment in the property.
If mother and son owned the property as joint tenants with the right of survivorship there is no need for probate because son automatically became the sole owner when mother died. If they owned as tenants in common the mother's interest became part of her estate and it would need to be probated.
You can't sell a home to yourself. If the son needs the mother as a co-signer she will need to remain on the title of the home. Therefore the ownership will go from mother to mother-and-son as tenants in common or joint tenants. Therefore an interest was added to the home (the son) but the mother is still an owner (just now 50% owner).
No. They are now tenants in common. If one joint tenant conveys their interest to a third party the joint tenancy is severed. If brother and sister wish to own as joint tenants they should convey to a straw and then have the straw convey back to them as joint tenants. They should consult with an attorney who can draft a proper deed for their jurisdiction.
her children.
This situation depends on the tenancy that was recited in the deed. If you were joint tenants with the right of survivorship then full ownership automatically passed to you upon your mother's death and there is no need for probate. However, if you owned as tenants in common, your mother's half interest would pass to her heirs at law and the estate would need to be probated for title to vest in the heirs.
If mother and son own real property as joint tenants with the right of survivorship when mother dies the son will become the sole owner and the property will not become a part of the mother's estate.
No. Son will automatically own the property when mother dies. Mother cannot devise her share to anyone else. That is the purpose of a joint tenancy.
The common noun is mother.
According to your question, your mother and your daughter owned property together. That deed should be recorded in the land records. If they owned as joint tenants with the right of survivorship, when your mother dies her interest in the property would pass automatically to your daughter and bypass probate. If your mother signed a quitclaim deed that conveyed her interest to you, that deed must be recorded in the land records. By executing that deed, she broke the joint tenancy she had with your daughter and now you and your daughter own the property as tenants in common. Your mother no longer owns the property and it would not be included in her probate estate.
More information is needed to answer your question. Was the Mother still living when the Condo was sold? Who inherited the Mothers share of the Condo upon death? What was the selling price of the Condo? Was it sold to an unrelated person?
The answer depends upon how your Dad and his siblings took title to the property: as tenants in common or as joint tenants with right of survivorship. As joint tenants with right of survivorship, his share would pass to the other siblings named in the deed. If they acquired as tenants in common, then his share would pass to his heirs at law according to the laws of his state. In that case your Mother would need to petition to be appointed administrator of his estate in order for title to pass legally to his heirs, his widow and children.