Zinc with a thin outer layering of copper
3.11 grams for pennies made from 1959 to 1982
US pennies switched from copper to zinc due to the rising price of copper. Zinc is much less expensive.
Copper coated zinc
Pre-1982 copper pennies weigh 3.11 grams. Pennies made since then are mostly zinc and weigh 2.5 grams.
Most modern pennies or cents have almost no copper in them, no matter what country issues them. The reason is that copper now sells for about $4/lb so a 1-cent copper coin would contain much more than one cent's worth of metal. Today, US cents are made of zinc plated with copper; Canadian cents and British pennies are made of steel plated with copper. US "copper" cents were actually bronze, which is an alloy of copper with tin and/or zinc added. Bronze cents were discontinued in mid-1982 when the price of copper rose steeply.
Pennies produced in 2004 were made from copper-plated zinc. Pennies with 95% copper metal have not been produced since 1982.
The pre-1982 pennies are 95% copper and 5% zinc. Post-1982 cents are 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper.
No, pre-1982 pennies are 95% copper and post-1982 pennies are made out of mostly zinc with a thing copper coating
Pre-1982 pennies are made of bronze, which is 95% copper plus 5% tin and/or zinc. Post-1982 pennies are zinc with a thin coating of copper.
It depends on the year the penny was made, pre-1982 pennies are worth about $.023 in raw metals because they are 95% copper, post-1982 pennies are worth about $.005 in metal because they are mostly zinc with a thin copper coating. In 1982 the US made both zinc and copper cents the difference can be detected by weight, the copper cents weigh a bit more than the zinc cents.
8.869 grams per cubic centimeter approximately. Some 1982 pennies are made of bronze alloy (pre1982) and some are copper plated zinc (post 1982). The change was made at the beginning of 1982 after some pennies had already been struck.
Pennies from 1982 and before were all copper
The copper in a US cent made before 1982 is worth almost 2 cents. Those made after 1982 are worth much less than 1 cent (but the cost of producing them is about 1.5 cents). Both types were made in 1982. But before you start sorting your pre- and post 1982 pennies, you should know that there is an administrative order prohibiting the "melting or exporting of large numbers of one and 5 cent coins" which could result in a fairly large fine.
1982
Presuming that you are asking about US Lincoln pennies, the answer is that it depends. If the pennies are pre-1982, they are 95% copper and 5% zinc and weigh 147 to the pound. If the pennies are post-1982, they are 2.5% copper and 97.5% zinc and weigh 181 to the pound. In 1982, both types were made. In 1943, pennies were made from steel coated with zinc (so-called "silver pennies" or "steel pennies") and in 1944 (and I think 1945 as well) from old brass shell casings, so their counts would be a bit different.
3.11 grams for pennies made from 1959 to 1982
1982