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Towns grow - whether in the middle ages or in the present day - for the simple reason that more people come to live in them, and more industries are located in them (or near them).

It's a symbiotic relationship between employment and housing, balanced by land availability.

In the middle ages, towns inland grew, as well as seaports, because people moved into the towns to produce and sell their crafts, their goods, their skills. They needed places to live, and this is where it gets interesting. Originally, the Lord of the Manorwould have a wall around his castle, and only the members of his household were allowed inside. So people would set up market stalls along the castle walls. Eventually, they began building huts and shelters there, and moved into them. Gradually, this spead out and soon they were building permanent homes outside the castle walls, but still in its general vicinity (mostly for protection, because the various Lords warred on each other and anyone standing in the way was just considered a regrettable casualty - by living close to the castle they were more or less given protection by the standing army of that particular Lord.

In most European towns, the center of the city is located where the old castle used to stand, and the city branches out from there, in almost concentric circles, as the tows around each of the castles grew.

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Type your answer here... increasing industrialization

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Q: What was the main reason for growth cities at the end of the 19 century?
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