Information and complaint
Information
An indictment is a charging document. If a person was already out on bail and then indicted, the indictment would be for new charges.
A charging document is a pleading that initiates criminal charges against a defendant. It—not arrest—signifies the commencement of a criminal case. Complaints, informations, and indictments are charging documents. Typically, when officers make an arrest, they draft reports, then present those reports to the prosecution.
The three principle kinds of charging documents are: 1) a complaint - is a charging document specifying that an offense has been committed by a person or persons named or described. A complaint document is used in the case of a misdemeanor or an ordinance violation. 2) an information - outlines the formal charge or charges, the law or laws that been violated, and the evidence to support the charge or charges. An information is used in states that do not use grand juries. 3) a grand jury indictment - Is a written accusation by a grand jury that one or more persons have committed a crime. A grand jury indictment document is used for a trial.
A misdemeanor forgery has a prosecution filing limitation of two years. Felony forgeries have a prosecution filing limitation of ten years. The statute of limitations is not how long it takes to prosecute a crime, but how long it takes to file the charging instrument.
Under US Constitutional law, a person that is arrested for committing a crime has protections guaranteed by US laws. To formally charge a person of a crime, a document called a writ of habeas corpus must be issued by a judge in order to formally hold a prisoner. This was borrowed from the English law adopted in 1669. The formal charge comes later in the form of an indictment. [usually pronounced in-DITE-ment]
In many states they do, but in some they don't for felonies. These deadlines are known as statutes of limitations. Also what you're asking is if the prosecutors have a deadline to file charges. They don't indict, grand juries do. Prosecutors will either file charges by information, called a charging document, or seek an indictment by a grand jury.
the official police report is the backbone of the criminal prosecution process
Cut and Paste
In many (but not all) U.S. jurisdictions which still retain the grand jury system, prosecutors often have a choice between seeking an indictment from a grand jury, or filing a charging document directly with the court. Such a document is usually called an information, accusation, or complaint, to distinguish it from a grand jury indictment.To protect the suspect's due process rights in felony cases (where the suspect's liberty is at stake), there is usually a preliminary hearing where a judge determines if there is probable cause that the charged crime was committed by the suspect in custody. If the judge finds such probable cause, he or she will bind or hold over the suspect for trial.As far as what alternatives are available to a Grand Jury when they are being presented a case -- if they believe probable cause exists to continue with the prosecution they can return a "True Bill "of indictment. If they do not believe that probable cause exists, they can return a decision of "No true bill."
An indictment is the official document that accuses a person of a crime. It is the record of the results of a grand jury vote that finds probable cause that a crime has been committed and that the person accused is likely to have been involved. For further information on grand juries and indictments, please see the related link below.
a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office
It is simply called a disclosure document.