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Was The Erlitou Archaeological Site so important concerning the study of the Xia Dynasty?
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The Xia culture is centered near what city in modern day China?
Many suggest the site at Erlitou was the Xia Dynasty's capital. Erlitou is near modern day Yanshi City. However, the Xia Dynasty is not yet historically verified so this suggestion is just based upon matching legendary materials with archaeological evidence. No one can really know what the capital of the 'Xia Dynasty' was. At least not with the currently known sources.
Erlitou was the first known city in China ruled by the Xia what was it about the Xia that made them one of the first truly civilized advanced societies for their time?
The Xia was a very powerful group and when they came to Erlitou everyone else wanted to go to Erlitou.
Where can you find pyramids?
Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, Ancient Rome and Ancient GreeceAncient EgyptAncient Egypt was an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. The civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia. Its history occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods. Ancient Egypt reached its pinnacle during the New Kingdom, after which it entered a period of slow decline. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period, and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended in 31 BC when the early Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province.The success of ancient Egyptian civilization stemmed partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River Valley. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which fueled social development and culture. With resources to spare, the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions, the early development of an independent writing system, the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects, trade with surrounding regions, and a military intended to defeat foreign enemies and assert Egyptian dominance. Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes, religious leaders, and administrators under the control of a pharaoh who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples, and obelisks; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass technology, new forms of literature, and the earliest known peace treaty. Egypt left a lasting legacy. Its art and architecture were widely copied, and its antiquities carried off to far corners of the world. Its monumental ruins have inspired the imaginations of travellers and writers for centuries. A newfound respect for antiquities and excavations in the early modern period led to the scientific investigation of Egyptian civilization and a greater appreciation of its cultural legacy, for Egypt and the world.Ancient ChinaThe Xia Dynasty of China (from ca. 2,100 BCE to 1,600 BCE) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals.Although there is disagreement regarding the actual existence of the dynasty, there is some archaeological evidence pointing to its possible existence. The historian Sima Qian (145 BCE-90 BCE), who wrote the Shiji or Records of the Grand Historian and the so-called Bamboo Annals date the founding of the Xia Dynasty to 4,200 years ago, but this date has not been corroborated. Most archaeologists now connect the Xia to excavations at Erlitou in central Henan province, where a bronze smelter from around 2000 BCE was unearthed. Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestors of modern Chinese characters. With few clear records matching the Shang oracle bones or the Zhou bronze vessel writings, the Xia era remains poorly understood.Ancient RomeAncient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world.In its centuries of existence, Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy to an oligarchic republic to an increasingly autocratic empire. It came to dominate South-Western Europe, South-Eastern Europe/Balkans and the Mediterranean region through conquest and assimilation.Plagued by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, the western part of the empire, including Italy, Hispania, Gaul, Britannia and Africa broke up into independent kingdoms in the 5th century AD.The Eastern Roman Empire, which was governed from Constantinople, comprising Greece, the Balkans, Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt, survived this crisis. Despite the later loss of Syria and Egypt to the Arab Islamic Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire would live on for another millennium, until its last remains were finally annexed by the emerging Turkish Ottoman Empire. This eastern, Christian, medieval stage of the Empire is usually referred to as the Byzantine Empire by historians.Roman civilization is often grouped into "classical antiquity" with ancient Greece, a civilization that inspired much of the culture of ancient Rome. Ancient Rome contributed greatly to the development of law, war, art, literature, architecture, technology, religion, and language in the Western world, and its history continues to have a major influence on the world today.Ancient GreeceAncient Greece is the civilization belonging to the period of Greek history lasting from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BC to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. At the center of this time period is Classical Greece, which flourished during the 5th to 4th centuries, at first under Athenian leadership successfully repelling the military threat of Persian invasion. The Athenian Golden Age ends with the defeat of Athens at the hands of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC.Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Europe, for which reason Classical Greece is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization.
All the list of ancient human civilization in the world?
This is an alphabetically ordered list of ancient civilizations. It includes types of cultures, traditions, and industries as well as more traditionally defined civilizations. Abbevillian industry Acheulean industry Aegean civilizations Amratian culture Ancestral Pueblo culture Ancient Egypt Ancient Greek civilization Ancient Iran Ancient Italic people The ancient Middle East Ancient Rome Andean cultures Archaic culture Assyria Aterian industry Aurignacian culture Australian Aboriginal peoples Azilian industry Badarian culture Banpo culture Big-Game Hunting Tradition Boian culture Capsian industry Carthage Chavín Chellean industry Choukoutienian industry Clactonian industry Dawenkou culture Desert cultures Dong Son culture Dorset culture El Argar Erlitou culture Ertebølle industry Fauresmith industry Gerzean culture Ghassulian culture Hohokam culture Hongshan culture Ibero-Maurusian industry Indus civilization Inugsuk culture Ipiutak culture Jōmon culture Kachemak culture Kurgan culture Lapita culture LBK culture Longshan culture Lupemban industry Magdalenian culture Maglemosian industry Magosian industry Mesopotamia Minoan civilization Mississippian culture Moche Mogollon culture Mousterian industry Mycenaean civilization Nachikufan industry Natufian culture Nazca Nok culture Old Cordilleran culture Oldowan industry Osteodontokeratic tool industry Paracas Perigordian industry Phoenicia pre-Columbian civilizations Qijia culture Recuay Sangoan industry Solutrean industry Stillbay industry Tasian culture Tayacian industry Teotihuacán civilization Thule culture Trypillya culture Urnfield culture Villanovan culture Woodland cultures Yangshao culture Yayoi culture
