They require alot more heat before their temperature start to rise, while others require less. These latter materials then takes much longer to cool down because they have more heat energy to give off.
This means that water requires alot of heat energy to raise its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
water
The latent heat of vaporisation.
the answer is latent Latent heat is correct, but specifically the latent heat of evaporation of (whatever is evaporated, in this case water) water. When the evaporated water condenses, it releases this latent heat as it precipitates, which is why it tends to feel warmer during rainstorms (unless the water is running down your neck in which case it feels horrible).
Latent heat of water is the heat required to change its state at a particular temperature BECAUSE of the pressure at which the water is at at the point of fusion or evaporation.The latent heat is not affected by temperature (in fact there is no temperature change during absorption of latent heat) it is affected by the pressure acting on a substance. As the pressure increases, the latent heat (of evaporation) decreases, consequently with the change in pressure there is also a different temperature at which the evaporation takes effect, higher pressure, higher temperature at the evaporation point.
If a body of water has a high heat capacity, it can store more thermal energy making it a good heat sink.
water
Heat capacity is the amount of heat something can take before it changes temperature by a degree. If we use water as an example, it is said to have a high heat capacity as you need to heat it a lot before it changes temperature at all. Latent means not yet existing. Latent heat is therefore referring to the amount of heat it would take something for it to change state. Water is said to have a high latent heat of vaporisation. That means that it takes a lot of heat to vaporise water. While heat capacity talks about how much heat something can take, latent heat talks about how much heat something requires to cause a change. Similar concepts but they have slight differences.
All pure substances in nature are able to change their state. Solids can become liquids (ice to water) and liquids can become gases (water to vapor) but changes such as these require the addition or removal of heat. The heat that causes these changes is called latent heat. Latent heat however, does not affect the temperature of a substance - for example, water remains at 100°C while boiling. The heat added to keep the water boiling is latent heat. Heat that causes a change of state with no change in temperature is called latent heat. Appreciating this difference is fundamental to understanding why refrigerant is used in cooling systems. It also explains why the terms 'total capacity' (sensible & latent heat) and 'sensible capacity' are used to define a unit's cooling capacity. During the cooling cycling, condensation forms within the unit due to the removal of latent heat from the air. Sensible capacity is the capacity required to lower the temperature and latent capacity is the capacity to remove the moisture from the air.
Specific heat capacity (equation Q=mc��T) is the measure of the energy required in Joules to raise 1kg of a substance by 1.0 K (numerically equivalent to 1 C)Whereas, specific latent heat (equation Q=mL) is the amount of energy needed to change to the state of a substance either from solid to liquid, liquid to gas without changing its temperature.
Two forms of heat are relevant in air conditioning:1. Sensible Heat2. Latent HeatSensible heatWhen an object is heated, its temperature rises as heat is added. The increase in heat is called sensible heat. Similarly, when heat is removed from an object and its temperature falls, the heat removed is also called sensible heat. Heat that causes a change in temperature in an object is called sensible heat.Latent heatAll pure substances in nature are able to change their state. Solids can become liquids (ice to water) and liquids can become gases (water to vapor) but changes such as these require the addition or removal of heat. The heat that causes these changes is called latent heat.Latent heat however, does not affect the temperature of a substance - for example, water remains at 100°C while boiling. The heat added to keep the water boiling is latent heat. Heat that causes a change of state with no change in temperature is called latent heat.Appreciating this difference is fundamental to understanding why refrigerant is used in cooling systems. It also explains why the terms 'total capacity' (sensible & latent heat) and 'sensible capacity' are used to define a unit's cooling capacity. During the cooling cycling, condensation forms within the unit due to the removal of latent heat from the air. Sensible capacity is the capacity required to lower the temperature and latent capacity is the capacity to remove the moisture from the air.
because water has a very high specific heat capacity compared to most liquids
Latent heat is an important form of atmospheric energy. Latent heat is a property of water vapor in the atmosphere and when water vapor condenses it releases latent heat. Latent heat must be supplied to evaporate liquid water and this heat affects the behavior of the weather.
The latent heat of vaporisation.
This is because of the latent heat of freezing that it first has to give off in order to turn into ice. Latent heat means 'hidden heat'.
The latent heat of fusion of 1kg water is 334 kJ/kg. (Wikipedia)
Latent heat of evaporation of water to steam is 2270 KJ/Kg
In the atmosphere latent heat is a property of water vapour. When water vapour condenses it releases latent heat, and latent heat must be supplied to evaporate liquid water. This heat affects the behaviour of the weather. Similar effects occur in the change from liquid water to ice and vice versa.