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What affect would increasing extracellular calcium have on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
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What affect does lowering extracellular calcium have on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Low calcium levels in the extracellular fluid increase the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions, causing a progressive depolarization, which increases the possibility of action potentials. These action potentials may be spontaneously generated, causing contraction of skeletal muscles (tetany).
What restores and puts the cell membrane to resting conditions after an action potential?
Calcium
What happened to the neurotransmitter release when switched from the control extracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid with no calcium?
There is no neurotransmitter release from the axon terminal when there are no calcium ions in the extracellular solution. This is because the exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles is calcium dependent.
What is found in extracellular fluid?
The principal elements in the extracellular fluid are sodium, potassium and calcium.
How does an impulse travel from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron?
When the action potential reaches the button(axon terminal) of the presynaptic neuron the depolarization causes voltage gated calcium channels to open increasing intracellular calcium content. This causes synaptic vesicles to fuse to the membrane and release neurotransmitters that bind to the post synaptic neuron and create a chemical action potential.
The electrical resistance across a living cell membrane is very high because of proteins carbohydrates water lipids in the above 4 which one is correct?
In short, the correct answer is "lipids"Membrane potential (or transmembrane potential) is the difference in voltage (or electrical potential difference) between the interior and exterior of a cell (Vinterior − Vexterior). All animal cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane composed of a lipid bi-layer with many diverse protein assemblages embedded in it. The fluid on both sides of the membrane contains high concentrations of mobile ions, of which sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and calcium (Ca2+) are the most important. The membrane potential arises from the interaction of ion channels and ion pumps embedded in the membrane, which maintain different ion concentrations on the intracellular and extracellular sides of the membrane.
What is the most cation extracellular fluid?
calcium ; sodium
What causes calcium channels in the synaptic knob to open?
depolarization of the presynaptic membrane due to an arriving action potential
Does hypercalcemia cause depression of the nervous system?
Yes, hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood) can cause depression of the nervous system. Excess calcium can interfere with the normal functioning of nerve cells, leading to symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, weakness, muscle aches, and depression. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and restoring calcium levels to normal range.
What is an extracellular cation that contributes to the hardness of bones and teeth?
Calcium
What effect does calcium have on the heart rate?
The resting membrane potential is maintained by the distribution of positive and negative charged ions across both sides of the cell membrane. At rest, calcium concentration in cells of the heart is low as compared to the outside. At action, calcium channels in the membranes open, thereby allowing calcium to rush into the cells. So raising the heart rate.
In cardiac muscle the fast depolarization phase of action potential is the result of?
increased membrane permeability to sodium ions
