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It depends on what you have set-up for the computer to boot-up. A normal setting is for it to boot from the hardrive or if you are on Linux the setting normally is; BOOT-UP LINUX *-Disk Drive *-USB Ports(sometimes, but not normally) *-Hard Drive *-Floppy Disk
Yes. Doing so isn't particularly difficult, and most Linux installation discs can guide you through the process.
There is no "the startup file" in Linux; depending on the type of system, there may not be any files at all. The Linux boot process has a number of steps, many of which are optional or have alternative implementations.
grub ana LILO are the two boot loader in Linux
Diskless Remote Boot in Linux was created on 2004-04-01.
/boot
Use the 'dmesg' command. It prints out all of the messages in the system log relating to the boot process.
If you have a USB drive and your BIOS supports booting from a USB device then try that.
No version of Linux is officially supported by Boot Camp. Assuming when you compile Linux From Scratch you include support for the Macintosh's hardware, it will work just fine when using Boot Camp to prepare the system.
Yes you can. Ubuntu's WUBI uses the Windows bootloader (NTLDR) to boot Linux. It also uses the Windows filesystem (NTFS). This, however, is not the traditional way to do things. The traditional way to dual-boot Linux and Windows is to use a generic bootloader such as Grub to boot both Windows and Linux.
No!
You can make it the default option in the bootloader. Or you could reinstall the Windows bootloader, but it will not allow you to boot Linux without modification.