Mountains can be formed by volcanic activity (volcanoes such as Mauna Kia or Kilimanjaro) Mountains can be formed when two continents bump into one another as a result of plate tectonics (such as the Himalayas, Alps or Rockies) Mountains can be formed by block faulting when ground around the mountain sinks into the earth (such as the Rwenzori Mountains or the Black Forrest mountains) Mountains of hard rocks can be left as the result of erosion of softer rocks around them (such as the mountains in the English lake district or Monument Valley in the US). Mountains can be made as the result of a meteorite impact (such as those to be seen on the Moon)
Volcanic mountains, also known as volcanoes, can be standing alone or be part of one big chain of volcanoes. Volcanoes are areas in which lava and magma move to the surface and burst through the crust. Igneous rocks are formed here. Sometimes, hot molten rock spews out of volcanoes. This is earth's way of releasing its internal heat. Many people have died and cities have been buried from volcanic eruptions. An area with a chain of volcanoes is Hawaii. Mauna Kea (4,205 m/13,796 ft) is an example of a volcanic mountain.
Erosional mountains are formed by wind or water wearing down weak spots in land and carrying it away. Non-resistant material is washed away, whereas the stronger material remains. Pike's Peak (4,301 m/ 14,110 ft) is an example of an erosional mountain. Pike's Peak is a large mass of granite that has resisted erosion for many years. It is all that is left of the mountain.
Fault Block mountains are formed by the vertical faulting of large blocks of earth. These are common in the western United States. Fault block valleys are also formed by this manner.
Folded Mountains are the most common type of mountain. They are created by tectonic plates pushing against each other. This creates intense pressure. Therefore, the only direction for these mountains to move is up. When two plates move away from each other, they create a rift valley in between them. Sometimes, if plates collide, one will force the other under itself. This is another way that folded mountains occur.
Information received from:
http://external.oneonta.edu/hessf77/students/scottbliss/mountain.html#hamf
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