Symptoms can vary from person to person. Someone in early stage kidney disease may not feel sick or notice symptoms as they occur. When kidneys fail to filter properly, waste accumulates in the blood and the body, a condition called azotemia. Very low levels of azotaemia may produce few, if any, symptoms. If the disease progresses, symptoms become noticeable (if the failure is of sufficient degree to cause symptoms). Renal failure accompanied by noticeable symptoms is termed uraemia.[2] Symptoms of kidney failure include:[2][3][4][5] High levels of urea in the blood, which can result in: Vomiting and/or diarrhea, which may lead to dehydration Nausea Weight loss Nocturnal urination More frequent urination, or in greater amounts than usual, with pale urine Less frequent urination, or in smaller amounts than usual, with dark coloured urine Blood in the urine Pressure, or difficulty urinating Unusual amounts of urination, usually in large quantities A build up of phosphates in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out may cause: Itching Bone damage Nonunion in broken bones Muscle cramps (caused by low levels of calcium which can cause hypocalcaemia) A build up of potassium in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out (called hyperkalemia) may cause: Abnormal heart rhythms Muscle paralysis[6] Failure of kidneys to remove excess fluid may cause: Swelling of the legs, ankles, feet, face and/or hands Shortness of breath due to extra fluid on the lungs (may also be caused by anemia) Polycystic kidney disease, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver, can cause: Pain in the back or side Healthy kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to make oxygen-carrying red blood cells. As the kidneys fail, they produce less erythropoietin, resulting in decreased production of red blood cells to replace the natural breakdown of old red blood cells. As a result, the blood carries less hemoglobin, a condition known as anemia. This can result in: Feeling tired and/or weak Memory problems Difficulty concentrating Dizziness Low blood pressure Proteins are usually too big to pass through the kidneys, but they can pass through when the glomeruli are damaged. This does not cause symptoms until extensive kidney damage has occurred,[7] after which symptoms include: Foamy or bubbly urine Swelling in the hands, feet, abdomen, or face Other symptoms include: Appetite loss, a bad taste in the mouth Difficulty sleeping Darkening of the skin Excess protein in the blood
edema and oliguria or even anuria
The primary hazard is renal toxicity. Alterations in electrolyte levels may cause seizures. Foscarnet is category C during pregnancy.
renal toxicity in 53% of patients. Patients should be well hydrated, and renal function should be checked regularly. Other common adverse effects are nausea and vomiting in 65% or patients, asthenia in 46% and headache and diarrhea, both reported in 27%
The signs and symptoms for oxygen toxicity include changes in vision, nausea, twitching, and dizziness. More serious symptoms can include seizures and possible death.
This sounds like antifreeze toxicity, which can be fatal even if treated promptly.
In the later stages of renal failure, the kidneys are not working properly and are not filtering out the toxins as well as they were able to when the renal failure began. As renal failure progresses, more of the animal's kidney function is decreased. Therefore, the more damage that is done during the disease process, the less toxins are filtered out by the kidneys.
BUN and creatinine
Terramycin has several side effects. These include various gastrointestinal problems, skin rashes, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity, renal toxicity, and anemia.
Organophosphate toxicity
Phase 1
Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of magnesium intoxication.
First signs of toxicity are-anorexia,nausea and vomiting CNS-headache,drowsiness,facial pain and depression
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