What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 1

1. Carbon Fixation

Step 1: 3 CO2 comes in and an enzyme called rubisco hopefully (when I say hopefully, I mean that because it might catalyze oxygen instead of carbon, which is bad) catalyzes carbon.

Step 2: The carbon is turned into RuBP (a 6 carbon), which is unstable, so it instantly turns into two of 3-PG (a 3 carbon). There are 6 of these.

2. Reduction

Step 3: The 3-PG get a phosphate each from ATP, which then turns into ADP. The 3-PG now become 3-biphosphoglycerate. There are 6 of these.

Step 4: The 3-biphosphoglycerate each get an hydrogen ion (H+) from NADPH, which then turns into NADP+.

Step 5: The molecule then and there loose a phosphate group, which goes back to restoring the ADP into ATP. The resulting molecule is called G3P, which is final goal for the Calvin Cycle. There are 6 G3P molecules.

3. Regeneration

Step 6: As I mentioned earlier, G3P is the main goal of the Calvin cycle, so only one out of the 6 are used for as organic compounds, whereas the rest go back in the cycle.

Step 7: The 5 G3P molecules that go back to the cycle are rearranged to become the molecule RuBP (ribulose biphosphate) and go back to step 2.

Read more: What_are_the_steps_in_the_Calvin_cycle

Answer 2

The three phases of the Calvin Cycle are following:

Phase 1- Carbon Fixation: Carbon dioxide is added to RuBP making a six carbon molecule, which happens to be rubisco. The six carbon molecule immediately split into two three carbon PGA.

Phase 2- Reduction Reaction: First PGA is phosphorylated and then it has hydrogen added to it, making six G-3-P.

Phase 3- Regeneration of RuBP: Through a series of reaction ATP is used to rearrange five G-3-P into three RuBP.