Where are they found and what do they look like?
Yes they do and are called rubber boot covers or rubber shoe covers and one of the stores online that sale them is shopzill.com.
"Amount" is one of those rubber words that can mean different things to different people. The 'amount' of matter in an object could be the object's mass, or it could be the object's volume.
those 'things' under the cats nose are called whiskers
those 'bed things' are called gurneys
Bods. Those were rubber containers for the beans.
The shoe repair when I was a child called it a side tap. The heel on the bottom was covered with a wedge of rubber or even metal, depending on what the customer wanted. Metal taps made a clicking sound when one walks on them, the rubber ones did not.
Those smoking pen things are referred to as e-cigarettes.
HUMPS
Are you talking about silly bands? Silly bands are shaped rubber bands that many kids wear around their wrists. Hope that helps.
They are called turnstiles
Scales
They are called stethoscopes.