HAZRAT ABU BAKR (RA) compiled the Quran into a book form, fought the rightly guided caliphs and the tribes outside Madinah who had refused to pay zakaat after the death of the Holy Prophet(PBUH) and had started a riot. And so is also called the savior of Islam.
Hazrat Usman (RA) got the Quran translated into the Quraysh dialect.
The Caliphs made a number of administrative and social changes as the Caliphates expanded, primarily in the creation of a unified bureaucracy based on the Byzantine model.
They used the Qur'an and Muhammad's actions as guides to leadership.
Two changes that the Rightly Guided Caliphs made during their rule was the institution of consultation and meetings of the council.
There was no rule of caliphs in ancient Rome. The caliphs emerged after the fall of Rome
None. Caliphs came to power in the Medieval Period. As for the Medieval period, the Caliphs were the leaders of the Muslim Empires called Caliphates. The four first Caliphs were called the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and they also had some religious authority in Islam. Because of the barbarity of the Umayyad Caliphs, the religious authority left the Caliphs and vested in the local Imams. Religious authority would return to the Caliphs in the mid-1500s in the Ottoman Empire until Atatürk abolished the Caliphate in 1936.
Ali was the last of the Orthodox caliphs.
Hazrat Ali RAU was the Fourth and last Rashidoon Caliphs.
Yes. The Caliphs are the political successors to Muhammad.
caliphs were religious leaders of Islam; sultans were political leaders
No because the group of caliphs the Umayyad ruled from Damascus
The Umayyad Caliphate came after the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.
No because the group of caliphs the Umayyad ruled from Damascus
No because the group of caliphs the Umayyad ruled from Damascus
They were the Muslim rulers.