The permanent hardness of water is caused by dissolved doubly or triply charged metal cations, which must be removed to remove the permanent hardness. Distillation is a traditional method for removing these and all other ions, but a more economical solution under most circumstances is contacting the water with an ion exchange medium that can replace the doubly or triply charged cations with singly charged cations such as those of sodium and/or potassium. The reason this works is that most doubly or triply charged cations form precipitates with the anionic portion of soaps or anionic detergents, but singly charged cations form more soluble salts that do not precipitate.
Tap water is a liquid, it is neither hard, or soft.
Tap water has water softener added. You can buy a unit, to soften it for your home.
Salt pellets are used.
Boiling method
Temporary hardness of water: CaHCO3, MgHCO3 Permanent hardness of water: CaSO4, MgSO4
here two type of hardness 1-temporery 2-permanent *temporery hardness-it is also known as carbonate hardness and alkiliny hardness.it is unstable hardness.it is remove by boiling.it is the due presence of carbonate.
Permanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling.
Salt is sometimes used to remove water hardness. Borax and soda are generally used as well to remove water hardness.
Hardness in water is usually characterised as temporary or permanent. Both are due to the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. If they are present as the hydrogen carbonate, when the water is boiled this is converted to the carbonate which precipitates out as a solid, leaving water which is no longer hard, so this is called temporary hardness. If they are present as the sulfate the solution is unaffected by boiling, and this is called permanent hardness.
Presence of bicarbonates of chlorides or sulphates of calcium or magnesium in water are the main causes of hardness of water.
Permanent hardness is hardness (mineral content) that cannot be removed by boiling. It is usually caused by the presence in the water of calcium and magnesium sulphates or chlorides which become more soluble as the temperature rises.
Hardness of water can be removed with a water softener. These devices pump the water through salt to remove minerals and other particles.
calcium and magnesium
Boiling water is simple process as it remove all temporary hardness.Permanent hardness need specific filters.
Boiling water is simple process as it remove all temporary hardness.Permanent hardness need specific filters.