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Figuring Out Family RelationshipsAt Genealogy.com, we get asked about how to determine relationships all the time. Here, you'll learn how to figure out the relationships between family members using a simple chart.
If someone walked up to you and said "Howdy, I'm your third cousin, twice removed," would you have any idea what they meant? Most people have a good understanding of basic relationship words such as "mother," "father," "aunt," "uncle," "brother," and "sister." But what about the relationship terms that we don't use in everyday speech? Terms like "second cousin" and "first cousin, once removed"? We don't tend to speak about our relationships in such exact terms ("cousin" seems good enough when you are introducing one person to another), so most of us aren't familiar with what these words mean.
Relationship TermsSometimes, especially when working on your family history, it's handy to know how to describe your family relationships more exactly. The definitions below should help you out.Cousin (a.k.a "first cousin")Your first cousins are the people in your family who have two of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles.Second Cousin
Your second cousins are the people in your family who have the same great-grandparents as you., but not the same grandparents.Third, Fourth, and Fifth Cousins
Your third cousins have the same great-great-grandparents, fourth cousins have the same great-great-great-grandparents, and so on.Removed
When the word "removed" is used to describe a relationship, it indicates that the two people are from different generations. You and your first cousins are in the same generation (two generations younger than your grandparents), so the word "removed" is not used to describe your relationship.
The words "once removed" mean that there is a difference of one generation. For example, your mother's first cousin is your first cousin, once removed. This is because your mother's first cousin is one generation younger than your grandparents and you are two generations younger than your grandparents. This one-generation difference equals "once removed."
Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference. You are two generations younger than a first cousin of your grandmother, so you and your grandmother's first cousin are first cousins, twice removed.
Relationship Charts Simplify EverythingNow that you have an idea of what these different words mean, take a look at the chart below. It's called a relationship chart, and it can help you figure out how different people in your family are related. It's much simpler than it looks, just follow the instructions.Instructions for Using a Relationship Chart
AncestorChildGrandchildG-grandchildG-g-grandchildChildSister or BrotherNephew or NieceGrand-nephew or nieceG-grand-nephew or nieceGrandchildNephew or NieceFirst cousinFirst cousin, once removedFirst cousin, twice removedG-grandchildGrand-nephew or nieceFirst cousin, once removedSecond cousinSecond cousin, once removedG-g-grandchildG-grand-nephew or nieceFirst cousin, twice removedSecond cousin, once removedThird cousin
The child of your great aunt is the first cousin of one of your parents, and your first cousin once removed.
your great great niece or you can call her your great nieces daughter
You great great aunt's daughter is your first cousin, twice removed.
Your wife's aunt's daughter is her first cousin, but is not related to you. Most husband would call such a person by her name.
Your niece's daughter is your grand niece, or, as some would say, your great niece.
Great-niece.
Some would call your nephew's children your grand nephews and grand nieces, others would call then your great nephews and great nieces.
My niece's daughter is my great niece.
Your nephew's child is your great niece (if a girl) or your great nephew (if a boy).
your 2nd niece...!
Your niece's daughter is your great niece. You are her great aunt or great uncle, depending on your sex.
The children of your husband's siblings are your nieces or nephews. Their children are your great-nieces or great-nephews.
Grand niece.
yes
Yes, your niece's daughter is your grand niece. You are her great aunt or great uncle.
They are your great nephews and/or great nieces. Alternately, some people say grand-nephews, grand-nieces.