the two atoms belong to two different elements
by the atomic number.
No. Atoms of the same element can have different masses as the number of neutrons can vary. Atoms of the same element but with different masses are called isotopes.
This may be wrong, I'm not a expert in elements. But here's what I know: A element's atom has a specific number of protons in the nucleus. If you change the number of protons, you change the element. Forgive me if I'm wrong, but I'm only in 5th grade.
you know that two atoms are the same element if they have the same atomic number, aka number of protons in the nucleus.
Isotopes are atoms of an element having different number of electrons.
Nitrogen atoms have 7 protons in their nuclei. You can know this because the atomic number of nitrogen is 7, and the atomic number is the number of protons. So the element that has one less proton than nitrogen in the nuclei of its atoms is carbon, which is atomic number 6, so it has 6 protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
They have the same number of protons and therefore the same chemical properties. But they have different numbers of neutrons and so the atomic masses are different and so are some physical properties.
Atoms of each element have a specific number of protons.
Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atoms of a particular isotope. The atomic number is the number of protons, so you would also need to know the number of neutrons. You could not determine the mass number from the atomic number alone.
The number of protons is equal to the element's atomic number on the periodic table. Hydrogen, atomic number one, has one proton. Carbon, atomic number six, has six protons. Alternatively, if you know the number of electrons on a neutral atom, the number of protons will be the same.
The atomic number of an element is unique to that element. The atomic number is equal to the amount of electrons in one atom of that element. As each element categorically has it's own amount of electrons, you can identify an element from this number.
No. Some may have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (atoms with the same number of protons in the nucleus) may have different numbers of neutrons, and so will have different masses. As an example, chlorine is a mixture of different isotopes with some of the atoms having different neutrons numbers.