It means that the file or directory is used for application settings.
The kernel image is the file in /boot that has a name like "vmlinuz" in it.
/etc/passwd
./ <program file name>
The /, or root directory.
Exactly what the name says: It displays and sets the date on a Linux system.
/etc/ncsd.conf
Starting from /home, the path may include up to 4,091 additional characters (that is, Linux supports 4096 characters for the path, with up to 256 characters per file or directory name). This is a limitation of the kernel, and not of the file system. It is technically possible to modify the Linux kernel to support even longer file and path names if a user needed to do so.
Super block is supposed to be the first sector of any file system that can be mounted on Linux operating system. It is supposed to contain information about the entire file system in that partition. It has magic number to specify which file system is used in that partition and other parameters to help read/write to that file system.
In MS 'Windows' use "Save As" in the toolbar's "File" menu. I don't know about other operating-systems such as Linux.
/var/lib/dhclient/dhclient.leases
gerp
/etc/nsswitch.conf