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Gasterosteiformes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaGasterosteiformes
Three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Gasterosteiformes
Families
Aulorhynchidae
Gasterosteidae
Hypoptychidae
and see text
Gasterosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the sticklebacks and relatives.
In the Gasterosteiformes, the pelvic girdle is never attached to the cleithra directly, and the supramaxillary, orbitosphenoid, and basisphenoidbones are absent. The body is often partly or completely covered with dermal plates.
The name "Gasterosteiformes" means "bone-bellies". It is derived from Ancient Greek gaster (γαστήρ; "stomach", "abdomen") + ostoun(ὀστοῦν; "bone"). The ending for fish orders "-formes" is derived from Latin and indicates "of similar form".
Contents[hide]- 1 Systematics
- 2 Footnotes
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Often Gasterosteiformes includes the sea horses, pipefishes and their relatives as suborder Syngnathoidei, with the sticklebacks and relatives in the suborder Gasterosteoidei[1]. In many more recent treatments the traditional placement[2] as different orders, with the former becomingSyngnathiformes, is used[3]. There is a growing body of evidence that this is correct; in fact, the two groups do not seem to be particularly close relatives among the Acanthopterygii.
As it seems, the loosely delimited Gasterosteiformes are paraphyletic with the Scorpaeniformes. The more typical members of that group (e.g. scorpionfishes) are apparently closer to the "true" Gasterosteiformes, whereas the keel-bodied flying gurnards (Dactylopteridae) seem actually to belong to the Syngnathiformes clade. It seems that the closest living relatives of the narrowly-delimited Gasterosteiformes are thegunnels (Pholidae) and eelpouts (Zoarcidae), traditionally placed in the massively paraphyletic "Perciformes". These two families, as well as the related Trichodontidae, would then appear to be derived offshoots of the scorpaeniform-gasterosteiform radiation which have apomorphicallylost the bone "armour" found in their relatives[4].
Three families certainly belong to the Gasterosteiformes sensu stricto:
- Aulorhynchidae - tubesnouts and tubenoses
- Gasterosteidae - sticklebacks
- Hypoptychidae - sand eels
The armoured stickleback (Indostomidae) and the Pegasidae (dragonfishes and sea moths) are variously placed with the pipefish or the stickleback lineage. While the Pegasidae are almost certainly Syngnathiformes, the placement of the monotypic former family is essentially unresolved, as it has always been. At least provisionally it is better treated as an acathopterygian order of its own.[4
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What has the author Wayne A Palsson written?
Wayne A. Palsson has written: 'Revision of the acanthopterygian fish family Pegasidae (order Gasterosteiformes)' -- subject(s): Perciformes, Fishes, Gasterosteiformes 'Bottomfish catch and effort statistics from boat-based recreational fisheries in Puget Sound, 1970-1985' -- subject(s): Statistics, Fishing, Marine fishes 'The biology and assessment of rockfishes in Puget Sound' -- subject(s): Sebastes, Fish stock assessment 'Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in Puget Sound and adjacent water' -- subject(s): Fisheries, Pacific cod
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