The US Military uses the 7.62 NATO, and not the civilian .308 Winchester cartridge. There are two common bullet weights- 150 grain, and the 174 gr M118 cartridge, used for long range.
7.62mm bullet More specifically a 7.62x39mm bullet (the military version of the .308 winchester).
The Savage .308 rifle can typically accommodate a range of bullet grains. It is important to check the specific firearm's manual or consult with a knowledgeable gunsmith to determine the optimal bullet weight for your rifle based on factors such as barrel twist rate and intended use. Generally, bullet weights between 150 and 180 grains are commonly used in a .308 rifle.
lighter bullet and more ammo can be carried as opposed to the 30/06 or 308
A .325 WSM should be your smallest, or .308 with AP tip. The Ideal bullet would be a .220 grain ACT Winchester .338. Or a .338 Lapua Magnum
Negative, 308 is a 30 caliber bullet and 30 doesn't fit into 25.
.408 Supersonic Chey-Tac round. It uses a 419-grain or 305-grain cartridge, and uses a Spitzer bullet
the bigger the animal the bigger the caliber of rifle and the heavier the bullet i.e deer 150 grain bullet 243 caliber and up moose 30-06 180 grain and up for both
No. The ammo used by military snipers (not designated marksmen) is hand loaded by the Ordinance Corps. Also, the military doesn't use .308 - they use 7.62x51, which matches the .308 Winchester in dimension, but differs in areas such as neck angles and case thickness.
It depends on the application. What are you trying to do?
115 and 124 among others
YES. Barnes, Nosler and a host of others make 200 and 220 grain bullets for use in reloading the .308 Win. However the largest factory load available (that I have found) is Lapua 185grain mega and naturalis. 180grain is widely available though (Federal, Remington etc.) and will happily take everything in North America, if you put the bullet in the right place. You'll be pushing it though with the brown and Polar bears.
The . 300 Winchester Magnum is a larger cartridge. They both use the same diameter bullet.