According to the Biblical narrative, the Israelite nation spent the forty years
after the Exodus in the deserts of the Sinai Peninsula and south and east
of the Dead Sea and the Jordan River.
(Note to other contributors:
The question asks where they went, not whether it happened. A direct answer
to the question is given, and its source is identified.
Consider: When the correct time is requested, there is no need for a dissertation
on the subject of how to build a clock.)
Once the Israelite people had left Egypt, under the leadership of Moses , and Aaron, they walked on to the border of the Red Sea, and the Egyptian army followed with pharaoh as well. They were drowned i the Red Sea.
After they left Egypt, first the Egyptians chased them , then they had to wander for 40 years in the wilderness, facing hardships.
They first reached the red Sea, then the Egyptians got drowned in it,
they spent decades in the Negev Desert, then entered Israel (then, Canaan) after the death of Moses
God punished the Egyptians with ten plagues (Exodus ch.7-12), and Moses led them out at God's command (Exodus ch.12).
They went into the Sinai wilderness.
They went to the land of Israel.
At that time, the Hebrews were slaves in Egypt.
They had a movement with Exodus to Egypt.
After the Pharaoh died, and the new Pharaoh took over, they were enslaved.
The Hebrews were bound for the Promised Land (Canaan) after they left Egypt. However, due to their negativity and fear of the inhabitants of Canaan, they ended up wandering in the desert for forty years.
The people who left were the Hebrews. They left to be free in the Promised Land. The native Egyptians remained behind.
God took them out of Egypt with wonders and miracles (Exodus ch.12-13).
Because they wanted a better area to live in and wanted to know the world more.
Fifty.
The Israelites did not escape. They left Egypt in an orderly fashion, with their livestock, after receiving Pharaoh's permission to do so (Exodus ch.12).
The Hebrews were enslaved by the Egyptians. The Egyptian people didn't necessarily enslaved the Hebrews, The Hyksos took over Egypt and then they feared that the Hebrews were to powerful so they enslaved them.
According to the Bible, all the Hebrew people who left Egypt died in the wilderness, apart from Joshua and Caleb. However, all their decendents are said to have gone to Canaan. However, a near consensus of scholars is reported to believe that there never was an Exodus of Hebrew people from Egypt, as described in the Bible. If the Hebrews did not leave Egypt under Moses, they did not go to Canaan.