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The starter turns the flywheel, which turns the crankshaft that has the pistons connected to it. As the piston is pulled down the cylinder, air and fuel is pulled into the cylinder. The piston then travels up the cylinder and compresses the air/fuel mixture. When it reaches the top of the cylinder, the spark plug ignites the fuel and the piston is forced back down the cylinder. This provides the power to keep the engine turning. On the next upward stroke, the cylinder forces the exhaust gases out, and the cycle starts over. This is done in series in each of the cylinders in the motor. The cylinders fire in a staggered order to balance the motor.
If it is a diesel, there is no spark plug, but there is a glow plug. The glow plug's job is to heat the fuel-air mixture to make it easier to ignite. As the cylinder rises, it compresses the mixture, heating it. This high compression makes the fuel-air mixture hot enough to ignite.
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