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What is a 'free rider' in economics?

Updated: 4/28/2022
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16y ago

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A free-rider in economics is someone who consumes more than what society allocates to them. This is not to be confused with "what they contribute to society", but consuming more that they are entitled to.

Take for example, A room of 20 people. If everyone in the room is vaccinated to prevent an influenza infection, but one person refuses to be vaccinated.

This one person will benefit from everyone else's vaccination by not being exposed to the virus, but they not entitled to this protection.

In economics, this loner is considered a free rider.

They create a potentially dangerous situation. When the vaccination has worn off, this free rider who refused to become vaccinated will reintroduce this virus. Bringing back the infection.

This is why malaria is very difficult to combat in some parts of the world like Africa. Not because one person choses to be a free rider, but because they do not have access to the right treatment at the right time.

So one can be a free rider by choice, or by necessity.

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