What kind of farm animal is a dam?

Answer 1

A dam is a mother of a particular offspring. For instance, instead of saying "the calf's mother" farmers and producers would say "the calf's dam" or "the dam of the stallion" or bull or boar or mare or whatever.

Answer 2

The "dam" is another word for the mother of a bull, cow, steer, calf or heifer. It is a word that dates back to late Middle English that originally was used to denote a human mother, and is an alternation of "dame." Especially in breed registries, dam is used in a formal sense to note what cow is the birth-mother of an animal that is to be added to the breed registry and thus the breed pedigree.