Dispersion is an abstract quality of a sample of data. Dispersion is how far apart or scattered the data values appear to be. Common measures of dispersion are the data range and standard deviation.
to spread widly
The sample range could be used as an index of dispersion. However, there are objections. One is that this statistic is obviously sensitive to outliers. Another is that for many population distributions there are measures with much better characteristics, even ignoring the problem of outliers.
Van der Waals (a.k.a. London Dispersion Forces) and Dipole-Dipole interactions. HCN does not hydrogen bond to itself.
By looking at the lines in a star's spectrum of light, astronomers can tell what kinds of elements the star is made of. This happens because when a beam of light hits an atom or molecule, that atom absorbs a characteristic wavelength (color) of visible light. Scientists have made a huge list of different elements and the different patterns of lines observed in theirj corresponding "spectra" (fancy word for light spectrums), and by using such lists can deduce precisely what each star is made of.