Myopia: nearsightedness or rather distant objects appear blurry resulting from an eyeball that is too long
Hyperopia: farsightedness or rather near objects appear blurry while distant objects are clear, resulting from an eyeball that is too short aka "lazy lens"
Astigmatism: images are blurry, resulting from the eyes focusing on lines not points, also due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens
Presbyopia: a decrease in near vision
Source
Introduction to the Human Body
by Gerard Tortora and Bryan Derrickson
myopia is when you see blur far away(example: can't see school chalkboard), and astigmatism is when you see everything blurry.
LASIK can correct a wide range of vision problems related to the need for glasses or contact lenses. Ametropia, the condition of having an eye which is out of focus can be caused by a mismatch between the cornea and the optics of the rest of the eye resulting in light not being focused properly on the back of the eye to produce a clear image.The most frequently corrected vision problem is myopia or nearsightedness. Also correctable is farsightedness or hyperopia. Also there is a condition of assymetry of the cornea which is called astigmatism, and this can also be corrected by LASIK.Of interest is that many patients have a combination of two of these conditions together and this can also be corrected by LASIK. Most commonly nearsightedness with astigmatism. Also there is farsightedness with astigmatism. More uncommon is what is called "mixed astigmatism" where the eye is both near and farsighted at the same time in different meridians or directions. All of these conditions can be effectively treated with LASIK.More recently there is even the correction of irregular shapes in the cornea which are correctable by a variety of new methods of custom treatments. There is wavefront treatments based on the overall shape of the eye and topography guided treatments based on the shape of the cornea in a particular patient. Most patients do not need or derive additional benefit from these types of treatments, although wavefront "optimized" custom treatments have been found to provide better quality of vision and are widely used by advanced lasers available today.Other eye problems and diseases are not treatable with LASIK. Included is amblyopia or a lazy eye and presbyopia or the aging eye. In addition blurry vision due to diseases such as cataracts or glaucoma are treatable but not by LASIK procedures.For most people, if their vision is correctable with glasses or contact lenses, it will also be correctable in a more permanent way by LASIK vision correction.
Oblique
Toric contact lenses are people with astigmatism. They effectively have two prescriptions in them. They work very well and if you have severe astigmatism you can have them made especially for your correction. Many toric contact lenses come in standards prescription with 10 degree differences between them. The higher your astigmatism, the more sensitive you will be to the axis (degrees) of the lens.
By degrees, you probably mean diopters. Degrees usually refers to the direction of astigmatism. Therefore, the person with -8.00 and -5.00 diopters has worse vision than the person with -3.75 and -4.00 diopters. The minus sign is used for myopia (nearsightedness), a plus sign would indicate hyperopia (farsightedness).
No, not really. Astigmatism simply means your eye is shaped more like a football than a baseball, and can be corrected with glasses. Eye pressure is the inflation pressure of the eyeball, like measuring the pressure of your tires. The eye pressure may be slighty off if measured on a patient VERY high astigmatism, but only by about one point, which is basically not significant. We usually don't pay attention to the astigmatism when measuring eye pressure.
Astigmatism means that either the cornea or the lens of the eye is not shaped properly bending light as it enters and creating multiple focal points which are seen as blurriness. Astigmatism is something you're born with. Most people, many who don't wear glasses have some astigmatism, but not enough to notice or cause any problems. Astigmatism may get better or worse while our eyes are still developing usually between the ages of 8-22, but it won't develop suddenly. As we get older, our eyes start to degenerate and we need glasses for reading. A doctor prescribing glasses for reading will correct a very slight astigmatism as well; if you're wearing glasses anyway, you might as well have the best vision possible.
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