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The reactive Power Compensation system that is Automatically able to adjust its reactive Power so that concerned system Power Factor is maintained within the desirable limits (Near Unity) is known as "Dynamic VAR Compnesation" system.
The Present day technology, known type of "Dynamic VAR Compensation" systems are:
Conventional Method:
* Contactor switched Capacitor Banks controlled by "Automatic PF controller / regulator". Also popularly known as "APFC system". Here capacitors are switched on/off depending upon the need automatically. Capacitors switched are frequently connected with series reactors for controlling harmonics through it or for switching transient suppression.
Static VAR compensation Method:
* Thyristor switched Capacitor Banks controlled by "Automatic PF controller / regulator". Also popularly known as "TSC system" or "RTPFC System (Real time PF correction)". Normally, the compensation time of such systems are much faster than conventional method. Here too, capacitor banks are frequently fitted with series reactors to control harmonics. The "zero differential voltage switching" of capacitor banks normally controls the switching transients.
* STATCON (Static Condenser) or STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) is comparatively a new technology and offers smooth and fast reactive power (VAR) compensation by usage of Power Electronics based technology. Normally, the MOSFETs or IGBTs based inverter using sinusoidal PWM technology achieves the desired compensation either in capacitive and inductive reactive power.
* Thyristorised Static VAR compensator: This technology uses the thyristor switched or phase angle controlled reactors that are put in shunt with fixed capacitor. This is fairly an old technology and slowly due to economics and technology advantage of TSC system or STATCON / STATCOM system is not used recently.
All the above mentioned systems can be termed as "Dynamic VAR compensation" systems.
The "Fixed VAR compensation" which normally uses fixed capacitors / inductors that are permanantly connected on mains supply system (sometimes manually switched On/off) should not be confused as "Static VAR compensation" as word "Static" is used as adjective, which is for defining "type of technology" usage and not for "VAR".
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