First of all, this seems to describe an aspect of fideism, which is a belief based on pure faith alone, with no evidence to support it. Arguably, the Abrahamic faiths (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) are another aspect of fideism.
Although you do not believe in the Abrahamic God, if you see this superior being in terms of a god, this still represents monotheism. Pantheism holds that the Universe itself is God. A minor variation is panentheism, which holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. Deism is based on belief in a god who created the world and has taken no further interest in his creation.
They believe in a "timeless being" called the Akal Purakh , that is the name , that Sikhs ascribe to a Superior Being .
I believe you mean "atheism." In a nutshell, it is the belief that there is no superior being. It is often confused with agnosticism, which is when one doesn't claim or disclaim a superior being.
being sexist.
Being superior
It is up to you to decide for yourself what to believe but the quote means that by our own free will and our own actions we excel in life, which means we write our destiny, not god or some superior being, it is a popular saying in contrast to those who believe that god is the all superior being which controls everything you do, and obviously the same applies that it is unpopular among religions such as christianity.
i believe that would be autonomy
I believe it is called acrophobia.
yes
It's called being a proponent of gay rights.
No, a naturally superior being is one who some people consider to be superior than others due to natural characteristics, while a supernatural being is a being whose existence or characteristics cannot be explained by science.
Because it is the largest of the great lakes
I believe this is called Mutually Assured Destruction.