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What is meant by market failure?

Updated: 9/11/2023
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8y ago

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There are two similar but significantly different definitions of "market failure":

  1. A situation where the motivations of market-actors prevent the market from reaching maximally efficient equilibrium over time
  2. A situation in which allocation of goods and services by a free market is currently not maximally efficient at a given time.

The first definition is the more meaningful definition in relation to government policy.

An often seen incorrect definition of market failure is when the quantity of a product demanded by consumers is not equal to the quantity supplied by suppliers. That is instead called a shortage or surplus.

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8y ago
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12y ago

Market failure exists when the market equilibrium does not equal the socially optimal point.

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