the t
The O in often has a short vowel sound, and the E is unstressed (schwa). The pronunciation is (offehn). The T is not sounded.
the t
the t
Indeed, the second syllable of the word often contains the schwa sound.
You can simulate an unstressed vowel by pronouncing the consonants B and M together. The "uh" sound you hear is the schwa, which can sound like eh, ih, or uh and can be used with consonants such as R (uhr) and T (et/it/ut), where any of the three sounds may be heard in a particular dialect.
No. There is an OU or OW sound, followed by the T (dowt).
Yes. Saved has a long A sound (the E creates a schwa trailing D). It rhymes with paved and waved.* although saved is widely considered a one-syllable word, the D is sounded separately from the V.The same occurs in FT and PT words such as left and slept, which have a distinct ending T sound.
No, "pit" does not have a short "i" sound. It has a short "i" sound followed by the unvoiced "t" sound.
The t' in t'appelles stands for the pronoun "te". It indicates who is concerned (in that case, "you / yourself"). As frequent in French (and other languages), the vowel is dropped when the following word also begins by a vowel (or vowel sound).
The words "mother" and "brother" have an "uh" sound that is typically sounded as a short U (compare to mutter).The words "mother" and "brother" have a short vowel sound. A long vowel sound carries the vowel as in "o" in loose or the "e" in femur. Short vowel sounds do not carry the sound of the vowel, as the "o" in foot or the "o" in dog. A good way of showing the difference is to take one word with a short vowel sound such as "bit" and listen to how the I sounds, then make a long vowel sound (eye rather than /ih/ ) and you'd pronounce the word as b-eye-t, which is bite.
The O in popped has a short O sound as in pop. The E creates a T ending sound. (pop't).