What is total participation in database management?

Answer 1

Participation (or optionality) concerns the involvement of entities i a relationship. Participation is about exceptions to the rule. An entity's participation is optional if there is a least one instance of an entity which does not participate in the relationship. An entity participation is mandatory if all instances of an entity must participate in the relationship.

Answer 2

Total participation

• Every member of entity set must participate in the relationship
• Represented by double line from entity rectangle to relationship diamond
• E.g., A Class entity cannot exist unless related to a Faculty member entity in this example, not necessarily at Juniata.
• You can set this double line in Dia
• In a relational model we will use the referencesclause.