Reasonably short quotes, properly attributed, should be defensible under fair use.
Yes, unless you have permission from the copyright holder of the original, or an exemption in the law. For example, if you are copying a work in order to learn a technique, that use should be defensible as fair.
It means that the photograph has been protected by copyright laws and any use of the photo must be done with the permission of the copyright holder. There are 2 aspects to the copyright. An unregistered copyright protects the owner of the image and legally allows them up to $300 in claims against anyone copying the image illegally. A registered copyright must be filed through the government and allows greater claims against the infringer
Yes. No element of a 1877 dictionary is protected by copyright.
Unless other arrangements have been made (such as a work made for hire agreement), the creator of the work is automatically the copyright holder. Transfer of the physical item does not transfer the rights: if you buy my painting, I am still the copyright holder.
Pablo Picasso died in April 8th 1973. Under current US law (life of the artist +70 years) his works would be protected until 2043. The US copyright representative for the Picasso Administration is the Artists Rights Society (see link below)
Because they are original, creative works.
If you are creating original things--music, sculpture, poetry, photographs--your work is automatically protected by copyright as soon as it is fixed in a tangible medium.
The original novel was first published in 1908.
Works of sufficient creativity are automatically protected as soon as they are fixed in a tangible medium; the copyright symbol is not required.
Original works first published online have the same protections as works first published in physical media.
The original book is copyright 1978 by Judi Barrett, illustrated by Ron Barrett published by Atheneum Books (a division of Simon & Schuster)
"Julie of the Wolves" by Jean Craighead George was originally published in 1972, so the copyright date would likely be around that time.
In most cases, for work published after 1923, copyright will expire at the end of the calendar year 70 years after the death of the original author.
It can mean that either the book was published in 1905 or that the original story was copyrighted in 1905 and published at a later date.
Text is not copyright-free unless it was created or published so long ago that the copyright has expired, or if the text does not qualify as having sufficient "creative work of original authorship" to trigger any copyright protection.
Me? Any sufficiently original work that I've fixed in a tangible medium. So mostly written text, but also photographs, and a couple of songs.
if you retained the copyright, yes you can republish it. or if it became public domain then it could be republished.