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An observation is what you actually see happening.

An inference is the conclusions you draw from that observation.

To use an analogy;

You may be doing a chemistry experiment and when you put two substances together, the mixture bubbles and brown gas comes off. You know that brown gas indicates nitrogen dioxide gas.

The observation would be "Mixture bubbles and brown gas is given off"

The inference would be "A gas is produced, nitrogen dioxide"

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Q: What is the difference between inference and observation?
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What are the difference between an observation and inference?

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