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While both sugar and starch are carbohydrates, the main difference between them is their size, and subsequently their physical properties and uses. The term sugar is usually refers to simple sugars (monosaccharides like glucose and fructose) and disaccharides, like lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are all constructed of two monosaccharides linked together, while starches are always polysaccharides, made up of long chains of simple sugars and disaccharides. Sugars and starches also differ in that sugars tend to be water-soluble, while starches tend to be insoluble in water. Another difference is in usage. Organisms tend to use sugars to satisfy their immediate energy needs, and use starches as storage mechanisms because starches are basically multiple (sometimes hundreds) sugar molecules linked together.

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