A Sefer Torah is the Torah text written by someone properly trained on a certain type of parchment and a certain kind of black ink. The Sefer Torah is hand written and costs tens of thousands of dollars.
The Torah is the content that is written in the Sefer Torah. It is the original Hebrew version of The Bible.
The Torah is the Five Books of Moses, often called the Pentateuch or the Law. The Torah is read in the synagogues from cover to cover as a yearly cycle and each of the portions of reading is set. The Haftorah is a section from elsewhere in the Jewish Bible (usually the Prophets, but occassionally from the Writings) that is seen to have parallels with the Torah portion of that week. The chanting of the Torah and Haftorah are correspondingly different as are the requirements for reading them.
Sefer is Hebrew for "book". It's generally used specifically to mean the books of the Torah and associated rabbinical commentary.
The Torah (תורה) or Sefer Torah (ספר תורה)
The scroll that contains the 5 'books' of Moses is called the Torah.
It is called a Sefer Torah pasul, meaning a Torah scroll which is unfit for use. If the mistake is corrected by a sofer (scribe), it can be rendered fit again.
There are three types of specially processed animal skin or parchment: gevil, Klaf, and duchsustos. These are Hebrew words to describe different types of parchment, although the term duchsustos is Greek. These are used for the production of a mezuzah, megillah, tefillin, and/or a Sefer Torah ("Torah scroll"). A kosher Sefer Torah should be written on gevil. If klaf is used in place of gevil, the Sefer Torah is still kosher, but this should not be done at the outset (bedieved). A Sefer Torah written on duchsustos is not kosher. After preparation, the scribe must mark out the parchment using the sargel ("ruler") ensuring the guidelines are straight. Only the top guide is done and the letters suspended from it. The use of gevil and certain types of parchment has allowed some sifrei Torah of antiquity to survive intact for over 800 years.
The parchment on which the Torah text is written is properly called a Torah scroll or, in Hebrew, a Sefer Torah (sefermeans book). A Torah scroll that is damaged or worn out is treated the same as a deceased Jewish person: it is buried in a cemetery (or at least in the ground), with a burial ceremony and mourning.
Orthodox Jews abide by the commands of the Torah and the Oral Torah (Talmud).
They are the same. Judaism has many holy books, but the Torah is the holiest.
Sefer Turan was born in 1962.
In the Sefer Hamitzvot, Moses Maimonides listed 613 commandments found in the Torah. Please see the link below.
The difference is the word Torah is the Hebrew name for the first 5 books of Moses which is referred to as "The Law" and Pentateuch is a Greek word for the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. In essence they're the same.
You may be referring to the Atzei Chaim. These are the two wooden poles around which the Torah is rolled. They are typically about 18 inches (45 cm.) long and an inch (2.5 cm.) thick.